Knee axis deviations include genu varum (displacement of the knee outside the mechanical axis of the pelvic limb) and genu valgum (the mechanical axis of the pelvic limb passes outside the knee and describes a smaller angle than normal, with the knee protruding inwards).

Causes: These deviations can occur in childhood as a result of abnormal bone development, but also in adults due to arthritis, birth defects, Improperly healed fractures or a metabolic diseases (e.g. rickets).

Symptom: In mild forms, they may be asymptomatic, but over time they can cause pain, modified gait, exercise fatigue, uneven wear of cartilage and increased risk of arthritis.

Treatment: In childhood, certain deviations can be corrected by medical gymnastics or orthotics. In adults, depending on the severity, the following may be recommended infiltrations, physiotherapy or corrective osteotomies to realign the mechanical axis of the lower limb.