Kidney damage in systemic diseases frequently occurs as a secondary manifestation in various chronic diseases. Identification and close monitoring kidney function are essential to prevent progression to chronic kidney disease.

Diabetes mellitus
It is leading cause of chronic kidney disease globally. Persistent hyperglycemia damages the glomeruli, leading to diabetic nephropathy, characterized by:

• Persistent proteinuria;
• Gradual decrease in eGFR (glomerular filtration rate);
• Hypertension and retinopathy frequently associated.

Recommended regular monitoring serum creatinine, eGFR and albumin. Strict glycemic control and treatment with SGLT2i or renin-angiotensin blockers can slow the progression of the disease.

Guta
Hyperuricemia may cause uric nephropathy and kidney stones. Both increased uric acid levels and gout attacks may favor kidney inflammation. Prevention includes:

• Control uric acid through diet and medication;
• Proper hydration;
• Avoiding nephrotoxic drugs.

Cardiovascular diseases
Hypertension and heart failure can reduce renal perfusion, causing nephroangiosclerosis. There is a two-way relationship: cardiorenal syndrome - damage to one organ aggravates the other. Measures needed:

• Strict blood pressure control;
• Cardiac medication with renal protective effect (ACEIs, sartans, SGLT2i);
• Constant monitoring kidney function and